There is no clear scientifically proven explanation as to precisely how a diet high in saturated fat can be the cause of rising cholesterol in the blood. We also do not know precisely how cholesterol could contribute to heart problems. But there is a very plausible theory which has a large following in the scientific community.

The LDL connection

It begins with an increased level of LDL cholesterol. Excess levels of LDL cholesterol often cause some of the excess cholesterol to move towards the artery walls. The more the LDL levels, the more cholesterol moves out of the blood and into the blood vessel walls. Rigidity of the artery walls might determine how much cholesterol may stay on the artery walls. Smoking, high blood pressure, diabetic issues, and other influences like stress might constrict artery walls. This may cause a disruption in the blood circulation and pressure. When this occurs, artery walls can weaken or become scarred in the first layer of the lining allowing LDL to even further embed into the artery walls.

The role of inflammation

This sets off a chain reaction in which the body effectively sabotages itself. Swelling flares up in the affected area resulting in White blood cells or macrophages to rush to the scene. The macrophages ingest the cholesterol and get engorged further blocking the blood vessels. These cells continue to demand even more reinforcements resulting in even more congestion for the blood circulation. The macrophages are created to kill off infectious bacterias and then disappear are fighting Lipids which by their very nature are being constantly reproduced. A never ending battle rages. This leads to a steady and continuing state of swelling in the artery wall. At some point the overloaded macrophage is destroyed and all the cholesterol and inflammatory substances are discharged into the artery wall.

At some point the body forms a cap of sorts over the swollen wall section. This cap forms plaque which starts the state of atherosclerosis and the shrinking of the artery opening and resultant constriction in the flow of blood. Should this occur in an artery that leads to the heart, it can impede the blood circulation to the heart. This restriction however does not usually cause a cardiac arrest. Plaque deposits are loaded with inflammation and LDL. Immune cells, T-lymphocytes and macrophages, are the most severe when it comes to containing inflammatory cells. If the plaque deposit has a thin cap, it is more likely to rupture.

Ruptures are the common cause of heart attacks.

If a plaque cap rupture, blood will seep into the artery wall. The typical wound response mechanism begins and clotting agents are transported to the region. Platelets enter the wound to form a scab that inside an artery wall is deadly. This scab or clot inside an artery is called a thrombus. It could cut off flow of blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. The section of the heart that is deprived of oxygen rich blood starts to die. This is why heart attacks occur. The scientific term is a myocardial infarction.

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